engine/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ target_compile_definitions(${ENGINE_NAME} PUBLIC
 
 target_link_libraries(${ENGINE_NAME} PUBLIC
   vulkan
+  vma
   shaderc
   glfw
   glm

engine/src/vulkan/buffer.cpp

@@ -28,26 +28,32 @@ Buffer::Buffer(Device& device, vk::DeviceSize instanceSize, u32 instanceCount,
   alignmentSize = getAlignment(instanceSize, minOffsetAlignment);
   bufferSize = alignmentSize * instanceCount;
   device.createBuffer(bufferSize, usageFlags, memoryPropertyFlags, buffer,
-                      memory);
+                      allocation);
 }
 
 Buffer::~Buffer() {
   unmap();
-  this->device.get()->destroyBuffer(this->buffer);
+  vmaDestroyBuffer(this->device.getAllocator(), this->buffer, this->allocation);
-  this->device.get()->freeMemory(this->memory);
 }
 
+// VMA always maps the whole allocation, so `size` only exists to keep the
+// interface; `offset` is applied to the returned pointer.
 vk::Result Buffer::map(vk::DeviceSize size, vk::DeviceSize offset) {
-  SOPHIA_ASSERT(buffer && memory, "Called map on buffer before create");
+  SOPHIA_ASSERT(buffer && allocation, "Called map on buffer before create");
+  (void)size;
 
-  vk::MemoryMapFlags emptyFlag{};
+  void* base = nullptr;
-  return this->device.get()->mapMemory(this->memory, offset, size, emptyFlag,
+  vk::Result result = static_cast<vk::Result>(
-                                       &this->mapped);
+      vmaMapMemory(this->device.getAllocator(), this->allocation, &base));
+  if (result == vk::Result::eSuccess) {
+    this->mapped = static_cast<char*>(base) + offset;
+  }
+  return result;
 }
 
 void Buffer::unmap() {
   if (mapped) {
-    this->device.get()->unmapMemory(this->memory);
+    vmaUnmapMemory(this->device.getAllocator(), this->allocation);
     mapped = nullptr;
   }
 }
@@ -66,19 +72,13 @@ void Buffer::writeToBuffer(void* data, vk::DeviceSize size,
 }
 
 vk::Result Buffer::flush(vk::DeviceSize size, vk::DeviceSize offset) {
-  vk::MappedMemoryRange mappedRange = {};
+  return static_cast<vk::Result>(vmaFlushAllocation(
-  mappedRange.memory = memory;
+      this->device.getAllocator(), this->allocation, offset, size));
-  mappedRange.offset = offset;
-  mappedRange.size = size;
-  return this->device.get()->flushMappedMemoryRanges(1, &mappedRange);
 }
 
 vk::Result Buffer::invalidate(vk::DeviceSize size, vk::DeviceSize offset) {
-  vk::MappedMemoryRange mappedRange = {};
+  return static_cast<vk::Result>(vmaInvalidateAllocation(
-  mappedRange.memory = memory;
+      this->device.getAllocator(), this->allocation, offset, size));
-  mappedRange.offset = offset;
-  mappedRange.size = size;
-  return this->device.get()->invalidateMappedMemoryRanges(1, &mappedRange);
 }
 
 vk::DescriptorBufferInfo Buffer::descriptorInfo(vk::DeviceSize size,

engine/src/vulkan/buffer.hpp

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class Buffer {
   Device& device;
   void* mapped = nullptr;
   vk::Buffer buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-  vk::DeviceMemory memory = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+  VmaAllocation allocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 
   vk::DeviceSize bufferSize;
   uint32_t instanceCount;

engine/src/vulkan/device.cpp

@@ -69,10 +69,14 @@ Device::Device(Window* window)
   }
   pickPhysicalDevice();
   createLogicalDevice();
+  createAllocator();
   createCommandPool();
 }
 
 Device::~Device() {
+  vmaDestroyAllocator(this->allocator);
+  log::trace("destroyed VmaAllocator");
+
   if (this->enableValidationLayers) {
     destroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(this->instance.get(), this->debugMessenger,
                                   nullptr);
@@ -88,22 +92,6 @@ Device::~Device() {
   }
 }
 
-u32 Device::findMemoryType(u32 typeFilter, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags properties) {
-  vk::PhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memoryProperties =
-      this->physicalDevice.getMemoryProperties();
-
-  for (u32 i = 0; i < memoryProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
-    if ((typeFilter & (1 << i)) &&
-        (memoryProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) ==
-            properties) {
-      return i;
-    }
-  }
-
-  log::fatal("failed to find suitable memory type");
-  throw std::runtime_error("failed to find suitable memory type");
-}
-
 vk::Format Device::findSupportedFormat(
     const std::vector<vk::Format>& candidates, vk::ImageTiling tiling,
     vk::FormatFeatureFlags features) {
@@ -125,35 +113,26 @@ vk::Format Device::findSupportedFormat(
 
 void Device::createBuffer(vk::DeviceSize size, vk::BufferUsageFlags usage,
                           vk::MemoryPropertyFlags properties,
-                          vk::Buffer& buffer, vk::DeviceMemory& bufferMemory) {
+                          vk::Buffer& buffer, VmaAllocation& allocation) {
   vk::BufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = {};
   bufferInfo.size = size;
   bufferInfo.usage = usage;
   bufferInfo.sharingMode = vk::SharingMode::eExclusive;
 
-  try {
+  VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};
-    buffer = this->device->createBuffer(bufferInfo);
+  allocInfo.requiredFlags = static_cast<VkMemoryPropertyFlags>(properties);
-  } catch (const vk::SystemError& error) {
+
-    log::fatal("failed to create vertex buffer");
+  VkBuffer rawBuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    throw std::runtime_error("failed to create vertex buffer");
+  VkResult result = vmaCreateBuffer(
+      this->allocator, &static_cast<const VkBufferCreateInfo&>(bufferInfo),
+      &allocInfo, &rawBuffer, &allocation, nullptr);
+  if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    log::fatal("failed to create buffer. Error: ",
+               vk::to_string(static_cast<vk::Result>(result)));
+    throw std::runtime_error("failed to create buffer");
   }
 
-  vk::MemoryRequirements memoryRequirements =
+  buffer = rawBuffer;
-      this->device->getBufferMemoryRequirements(buffer);
-
-  vk::MemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
-  allocInfo.allocationSize = memoryRequirements.size;
-  allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex =
-      findMemoryType(memoryRequirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);
-
-  try {
-    bufferMemory = this->device->allocateMemory(allocInfo);
-  } catch (const vk::SystemError& error) {
-    log::fatal("failed to allocate vertex buffer memory");
-    throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate vertex buffer memory");
-  }
-
-  this->device->bindBufferMemory(buffer, bufferMemory, 0);
 }
 
 vk::CommandBuffer Device::beginSingleTimeCommands() {
@@ -220,43 +199,21 @@ void Device::copyBuffer(vk::Buffer sourceBuffer, vk::Buffer destinationBuffer,
 
 void Device::createImageWithInfo(const vk::ImageCreateInfo& imageInfo,
                                  vk::MemoryPropertyFlags properties,
-                                 vk::Image& image,
+                                 vk::Image& image, VmaAllocation& allocation) {
-                                 vk::DeviceMemory& imageMemory) {
+  VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocInfo = {};
-  try {
+  allocInfo.requiredFlags = static_cast<VkMemoryPropertyFlags>(properties);
-    vk::Result result = this->device->createImage(&imageInfo, nullptr, &image);
+
-    if (result != vk::Result::eSuccess) {
+  VkImage rawImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-      throw vk::SystemError(result);
+  VkResult result = vmaCreateImage(
-    }
+      this->allocator, &static_cast<const VkImageCreateInfo&>(imageInfo),
-  } catch (const vk::SystemError& error) {
+      &allocInfo, &rawImage, &allocation, nullptr);
-    log::fatal("failed to create image. Error: ", error.what());
+  if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    log::fatal("failed to create image. Error: ",
+               vk::to_string(static_cast<vk::Result>(result)));
     throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image");
   }
 
-  vk::MemoryRequirements memoryRequirements =
+  image = rawImage;
-      this->device->getImageMemoryRequirements(image);
-
-  vk::MemoryAllocateInfo allocateInfo{};
-  allocateInfo.allocationSize = memoryRequirements.size;
-  allocateInfo.memoryTypeIndex =
-      findMemoryType(memoryRequirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);
-
-  try {
-    vk::Result result =
-        this->device->allocateMemory(&allocateInfo, nullptr, &imageMemory);
-    if (result != vk::Result::eSuccess) {
-      throw vk::SystemError(result);
-    }
-  } catch (const vk::SystemError& error) {
-    log::fatal("failed to allocate image memory. Error: ", error.what());
-    throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate image memory");
-  }
-
-  try {
-    this->device->bindImageMemory(image, imageMemory, 0);
-  } catch (const vk::SystemError& error) {
-    log::fatal("failed to bind image memory. Error: ", error.what());
-    throw std::runtime_error("failed to bind image memory");
-  }
 }
 
 void Device::populateImGuiInitInfo(ImGui_ImplVulkan_InitInfo& initInfo) {
@@ -514,6 +471,20 @@ void Device::createLogicalDevice() {
   }
 }
 
+void Device::createAllocator() {
+  VmaAllocatorCreateInfo createInfo = {};
+  createInfo.vulkanApiVersion = SOPHIA_VULKAN_API_VERSION;
+  createInfo.instance = this->instance.get();
+  createInfo.physicalDevice = this->physicalDevice;
+  createInfo.device = this->device.get();
+
+  if (vmaCreateAllocator(&createInfo, &this->allocator) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    log::fatal("failed to create VmaAllocator");
+    throw std::runtime_error("failed to create VmaAllocator");
+  }
+  log::trace("created VmaAllocator");
+}
+
 SwapchainSupportDetails Device::querySwapchainSupport(
     vk::PhysicalDevice device) {
   SwapchainSupportDetails details;

engine/src/vulkan/device.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <imgui_impl_vulkan.h>
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <optional>
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ class Device {
 
   void waitIdle() { this->device->waitIdle(); }
 
+  VmaAllocator getAllocator() const { return this->allocator; }
   vk::CommandPool getCommandPool() const { return this->commandPool; }
   vk::SurfaceKHR getSurface() const { return surface; }
   vk::Queue getGraphicsQueue() const { return graphicsQueue; }
@@ -60,15 +62,13 @@ class Device {
     return querySwapchainSupport(this->physicalDevice);
   }
 
-  u32 findMemoryType(u32 typeFilter, vk::MemoryPropertyFlags properties);
-
   vk::Format findSupportedFormat(const std::vector<vk::Format>& candidates,
                                  vk::ImageTiling tiling,
                                  vk::FormatFeatureFlags features);
 
   void createBuffer(vk::DeviceSize size, vk::BufferUsageFlags usage,
                     vk::MemoryPropertyFlags properties, vk::Buffer& buffer,
-                    vk::DeviceMemory& bufferMemory);
+                    VmaAllocation& allocation);
 
   vk::CommandBuffer beginSingleTimeCommands();
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class Device {
 
   void createImageWithInfo(const vk::ImageCreateInfo& imageInfo,
                            vk::MemoryPropertyFlags properties, vk::Image& image,
-                           vk::DeviceMemory& imageMemory);
+                           VmaAllocation& allocation);
 
   void populateImGuiInitInfo(ImGui_ImplVulkan_InitInfo& initInfo);
 
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ class Device {
   SwapchainSupportDetails querySwapchainSupport(vk::PhysicalDevice device);
 
   void createLogicalDevice();
+  void createAllocator();
   void createCommandPool();
 
   vk::UniqueInstance instance;
@@ -111,6 +112,8 @@ class Device {
   vk::PhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
   vk::UniqueDevice device;
 
+  VmaAllocator allocator = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
   vk::Queue graphicsQueue;
   vk::Queue presentQueue;
 

engine/src/vulkan/image.cpp

@@ -3,11 +3,35 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <sophia/util/logger.hpp>
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <utility>
 
 #include "vulkan/device.hpp"
 
 namespace sophia {
 
+Image::Image(Image&& other) noexcept
+    : device{other.device},
+      externalImage{other.externalImage},
+      image{std::exchange(other.image, nullptr)},
+      allocation{std::exchange(other.allocation, VK_NULL_HANDLE)},
+      view{std::move(other.view)},
+      sampler{std::move(other.sampler)},
+      format{other.format},
+      extent{other.extent},
+      aspectMask{other.aspectMask},
+      mipLevels{other.mipLevels},
+      arrayLayers{other.arrayLayers},
+      layout{other.layout} {}
+
+Image::~Image() {
+  this->sampler.reset();
+  this->view.reset();
+
+  if (this->image) {
+    vmaDestroyImage(this->device.getAllocator(), this->image, this->allocation);
+  }
+}
+
 vk::ImageSubresourceRange Image::getSubresourceRange() const {
   return vk::ImageSubresourceRange{this->aspectMask, 0, this->mipLevels, 0,
                                    this->arrayLayers};
@@ -194,35 +218,26 @@ std::unique_ptr<Image> Image::Builder::build() {
     imageInfo.sharingMode = vk::SharingMode::eExclusive;
     imageInfo.samples = this->samples;
 
-    result->image = this->device.get()->createImageUnique(imageInfo);
+    this->device.createImageWithInfo(imageInfo, this->memoryProperties,
-
+                                     result->image, result->allocation);
-    vk::MemoryRequirements memoryRequirements =
-        this->device.get()->getImageMemoryRequirements(result->image.get());
-
-    vk::MemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
-    allocInfo.allocationSize = memoryRequirements.size;
-    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = this->device.findMemoryType(
-        memoryRequirements.memoryTypeBits, this->memoryProperties);
-
-    result->memory = this->device.get()->allocateMemoryUnique(allocInfo);
-    this->device.get()->bindImageMemory(result->image.get(),
-                                        result->memory.get(), 0);
   }
 
   if (!this->isExternalImage && this->initialData != nullptr) {
+    VmaAllocator allocator = this->device.getAllocator();
+
     vk::Buffer stagingBuffer;
-    vk::DeviceMemory stagingMemory;
+    VmaAllocation stagingAllocation;
     this->device.createBuffer(this->initialDataSize,
                               vk::BufferUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc,
                               vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostVisible |
                                   vk::MemoryPropertyFlagBits::eHostCoherent,
-                              stagingBuffer, stagingMemory);
+                              stagingBuffer, stagingAllocation);
 
-    void* mapped =
+    void* mapped = nullptr;
-        this->device.get()->mapMemory(stagingMemory, 0, this->initialDataSize);
+    vmaMapMemory(allocator, stagingAllocation, &mapped);
     memcpy(mapped, this->initialData,
            static_cast<size_t>(this->initialDataSize));
-    this->device.get()->unmapMemory(stagingMemory);
+    vmaUnmapMemory(allocator, stagingAllocation);
 
     vk::BufferImageCopy region{};
     region.bufferOffset = 0;
@@ -247,8 +262,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Image> Image::Builder::build() {
     }
     this->device.endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
 
-    this->device.get()->destroyBuffer(stagingBuffer);
+    vmaDestroyBuffer(allocator, stagingBuffer, stagingAllocation);
-    this->device.get()->freeMemory(stagingMemory);
   }
 
   if (this->createView) {

engine/src/vulkan/image.hpp

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>
+
 #include <memory>
 #include <sophia/types.hpp>
 #include <vulkan/vulkan.hpp>
@@ -16,11 +18,12 @@ class Image {
 
   Image(const Image&) = delete;
   Image& operator=(const Image&) = delete;
-  Image(Image&&) = default;
+  Image(Image&& other) noexcept;
   Image& operator=(Image&&) = delete;
+  ~Image();
 
   vk::Image get() const {
-    return this->image ? this->image.get() : this->externalImage;
+    return this->image ? this->image : this->externalImage;
   }
   vk::ImageView getView() const { return this->view.get(); }
   vk::Sampler getSampler() const { return this->sampler.get(); }
@@ -56,8 +59,8 @@ class Image {
   Device& device;
 
   vk::Image externalImage;
-  vk::UniqueImage image;
+  vk::Image image;
-  vk::UniqueDeviceMemory memory;
+  VmaAllocation allocation = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
   vk::UniqueImageView view;
   vk::UniqueSampler sampler;
 

engine/src/vulkan/vma.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#define VMA_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include <vk_mem_alloc.h>

third_party/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@ target_link_libraries(vulkan INTERFACE
   Vulkan::shaderc_combined
 )
 
+# 2. VMA (header-only, ships with the Vulkan SDK)
+add_library(vma INTERFACE)
+target_include_directories(vma INTERFACE ${Vulkan_INCLUDE_DIRS}/vma)
+target_link_libraries(vma INTERFACE vulkan)
+
 # 3. GLFW (static)
 option(GLFW_BUILD_EXAMPLES "Build the GLFW example programs" OFF)
 option(GLFW_BUILD_TESTS "Build the GLFW test programs" OFF)