engine/include/sophia/components.hpp

@@ -66,6 +66,14 @@ struct SpriteComponent {
 
   // Higher draws on top. Ties are broken by the transform's position.z.
   s32 sortOrder = 0;
+
+  // Maps the unit quad (0, 0)-(1, 1) to world space: to the sprite's
+  // rectangle around its pivot, then by `transform`.
+  glm::mat4 getModel(const TransformComponent& transform) const {
+    return transform.mat4() *
+           glm::translate(glm::mat4{1.f}, glm::vec3{-pivot * size, 0.f}) *
+           glm::scale(glm::mat4{1.f}, glm::vec3{size, 1.f});
+  }
 };
 
 struct CameraComponent {
@@ -98,6 +106,15 @@ struct CameraComponent {
     return glm::ortho(-halfWidth, halfWidth, -halfHeight, halfHeight,
                       ortho.nearPlane, ortho.farPlane);
   }
+
+  // World -> clip space for this camera placed by `transform`. The view
+  // ignores the transform's scale; zoom is the projection's job.
+  glm::mat4 getViewProjection(const TransformComponent& transform,
+                              float aspect) const {
+    glm::mat4 world = glm::translate(glm::mat4{1.f}, transform.position) *
+                      glm::mat4_cast(transform.rotation);
+    return getProjection(aspect) * glm::inverse(world);
+  }
 };
 
 }  // namespace sophia

engine/include/sophia/scene_registry.hpp

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ class SceneRegistry {
   const Scene& get(SceneHandle handle) const { return pool.get(handle); }
   Scene& get(SceneHandle handle) { return pool.get(handle); }
 
+  const Scene& peek(SceneHandle handle) const { return pool.get(handle); }
+
   void release(SceneHandle handle) { pool.release(handle); }
   bool isAlive(SceneHandle handle) const { return pool.isAlive(handle); }
 

engine/include/sophia/scene_view_registry.hpp

@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ class SceneViewRegistry {
     return pool.get(handle);
   }
 
+  const SceneView& peek(SceneViewHandle handle) const {
+    return pool.get(handle);
+  }
+
   void release(SceneViewHandle handle) {
     isRenderQueueDirty = true;
     pool.release(handle);

engine/src/application.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <glm/glm.hpp>
 #include <map>
+#include <set>
 #include <sophia/application.hpp>
 #include <sophia/util/logger.hpp>
 #include <string>
@@ -87,11 +88,12 @@ class Application::Impl {
     PanelRegistry& panelRegistry = this->application.panelRegistry;
     SceneRegistry& sceneRegistry = this->application.sceneRegistry;
     SceneViewRegistry& sceneViewRegistry = this->application.sceneViewRegistry;
-    const SceneViewRegistry& sceneViewRegistryConst =
-        this->application.sceneViewRegistry;
 
     imguiRenderer.setDefaultLayout(panelRegistry.getDefaultLayout());
 
+    // Views already warned about having no camera, so each warns once.
+    std::set<SceneViewHandle> viewsWithoutCamera;
+
     auto startTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
     auto currentTime = startTime;
     u32 frameIndex = 0;
@@ -148,8 +150,8 @@ class Application::Impl {
           graph.importImage(renderContext.getCurrentImage(), Access::Present);
 
       std::map<RenderTargetHandle, ImageRef> viewTargets;
-      for (SceneViewHandle handle : sceneViewRegistryConst.GetRenderQueue()) {
+      for (SceneViewHandle handle : sceneViewRegistry.GetRenderQueue()) {
-        const SceneView& view = sceneViewRegistryConst.get(handle);
+        const SceneView& view = sceneViewRegistry.peek(handle);
         if (!sceneRegistry.isAlive(view.scene) ||
             !renderTargetPool.isAlive(view.target)) {
           continue;
@@ -172,12 +174,23 @@ class Application::Impl {
                                   : vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eLoad,
                               {color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a});
             },
-            [&sceneRenderer, &sceneViewRegistryConst,
+            [&sceneRenderer, &sceneRegistry, &sceneViewRegistry,
-             handle](vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer) {
+             &viewsWithoutCamera, handle](vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer) {
-              const SceneView& view = sceneViewRegistryConst.get(handle);
+              const SceneView& view = sceneViewRegistry.peek(handle);
-              if (view.camera) {
+              Entity camera =
-                sceneRenderer.render(commandBuffer, view);
+                  view.camera ? view.camera
+                              : sceneRegistry.get(view.scene).getActiveCamera();
+              // No camera to look through: the target is just cleared.
+              if (!camera) {
+                if (viewsWithoutCamera.insert(handle).second) {
+                  log::warning(
+                      "scene view has no camera and its scene has no active "
+                      "camera; it will only be cleared (see "
+                      "Scene::createCamera)");
+                }
+                return;
               }
+              sceneRenderer.render(commandBuffer, view, camera);
             });
       }
 

engine/src/rendering/scene_renderer.cpp

@@ -14,19 +14,13 @@ SceneRenderer::SceneRenderer(const SceneRegistry& sceneRegistry,
       resources{resources},
       spriteRenderSystem{device, colorFormat, resources} {}
 
-SceneRenderer::~SceneRenderer() {}
-
 void SceneRenderer::beginFrame(u32 frameIndex) {
   this->spriteRenderSystem.beginFrame(frameIndex);
 }
 
 void SceneRenderer::render(vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer,
-                           const SceneView& sceneView) {
+                           const SceneView& sceneView, Entity camera) {
-  const Scene& scene = this->sceneRegistry.get(sceneView.scene);
+  SOPHIA_ASSERT(camera.hasComponent<CameraComponent>(),
-  const entt::registry& registry = scene.registry;
-
-  entt::entity camera = sceneView.camera;
-  SOPHIA_ASSERT(registry.all_of<CameraComponent>(camera),
                 "camera does not have camera component!");
 
   vk::Extent2D extent =
@@ -34,17 +28,12 @@ void SceneRenderer::render(vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer,
   float aspect =
       static_cast<float>(extent.width) / static_cast<float>(extent.height);
 
-  // The view matrix ignores the camera's scale; zoom is the projection's job.
-  glm::mat4 cameraWorld{1.f};
-  if (const auto* transform = registry.try_get<TransformComponent>(camera)) {
-    cameraWorld = glm::translate(glm::mat4{1.f}, transform->position) *
-                  glm::mat4_cast(transform->rotation);
-  }
   glm::mat4 viewProjection =
-      registry.get<CameraComponent>(camera).getProjection(aspect) *
+      camera.getComponent<CameraComponent>().getViewProjection(
-      glm::inverse(cameraWorld);
+          camera.getComponent<TransformComponent>(), aspect);
 
-  renderSprites(commandBuffer, scene, viewProjection);
+  renderSprites(commandBuffer, this->sceneRegistry.get(sceneView.scene),
+                viewProjection);
 
   // TODO: meshes. Group MeshComponent entities by mesh and draw each group
   // (instanced), as sprites are grouped by texture.
@@ -53,8 +42,7 @@ void SceneRenderer::render(vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer,
 void SceneRenderer::renderSprites(vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer,
                                   const Scene& scene,
                                   const glm::mat4& viewProjection) {
-  std::vector<SpriteDrawItem>& items = this->spriteDrawItems;
+  this->spriteDrawItems.clear();
-  items.clear();
 
   auto view =
       scene.registry.view<const TransformComponent, const SpriteComponent>();
@@ -63,28 +51,22 @@ void SceneRenderer::renderSprites(vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer,
                                 ? sprite.texture
                                 : this->resources.whiteTexture;
 
-    // Unit quad -> sprite rectangle around its pivot -> world.
+    this->spriteDrawItems.push_back(
-    glm::mat4 model =
+        {sprite.sortOrder,
-        transform.mat4() *
+         transform.position.z,
-        glm::translate(glm::mat4{1.f},
+         texture,
-                       glm::vec3{-sprite.pivot * sprite.size, 0.f}) *
+         {sprite.getModel(transform), sprite.color, sprite.uvRect}});
-        glm::scale(glm::mat4{1.f}, glm::vec3{sprite.size, 1.f});
-
-    items.push_back({sprite.sortOrder,
-                     transform.position.z,
-                     texture,
-                     {model, sprite.color, sprite.uvRect}});
   }
 
   // Texture is the last key so that sprites whose order doesn't matter
   // relative to each other still end up in as few batches as possible.
-  std::ranges::sort(items, {}, [](const SpriteDrawItem& item) {
+  std::ranges::sort(this->spriteDrawItems, {}, [](const SpriteDrawItem& item) {
     return std::tuple{item.sortOrder, item.depth, item.texture};
   });
 
   this->spriteInstances.clear();
   this->spriteBatches.clear();
-  for (const SpriteDrawItem& item : items) {
+  for (const SpriteDrawItem& item : this->spriteDrawItems) {
     auto index = static_cast<u32>(this->spriteInstances.size());
     this->spriteInstances.push_back(item.instance);
 

engine/src/rendering/scene_renderer.hpp

@@ -21,14 +21,15 @@ class SceneRenderer {
 
   SceneRenderer(const SceneRegistry& sceneRegistry, ResourceRegistry& resources,
                 Device& device, vk::Format colorFormat);
-  ~SceneRenderer();
 
   // Call once per frame, before any render().
   void beginFrame(u32 frameIndex);
 
-  // Records `sceneView` into `commandBuffer`. Rendering into the view's
+  // Records `sceneView` as seen through `camera` (an entity of the view's
-  // target must already have begun.
+  // scene with a CameraComponent) into `commandBuffer`. Rendering into the
-  void render(vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer, const SceneView& sceneView);
+  // view's target must already have begun.
+  void render(vk::CommandBuffer commandBuffer, const SceneView& sceneView,
+              Entity camera);
 
  private:
   struct SpriteDrawItem {